How do I program a cobot or robot?

14/06/2024

Online and offline programming

There are two main categories for programming robots: online and offline programming. Online programming is carried out directly with the robot, while offline programming takes place in a virtual environment without the physical robot.

Online programming options

1. Direct robot programming

Direct programming means that the programmer defines the robot’s movements and actions directly using a programming language such as Python, C++, or a brand-specific robot language such as ABB’s RAPID or Stäubli’s VAL3.
This method of programming is never used when automating grinding processes. It is not very visual, and optimisations require a significant amount of time.

Direct programming gives the programmer full control over every movement and action of the robot. There are no limitations to what can be programmed, as long as the hardware allows it.

Advantages direct programming

Full control

Direct programming gives the programmer full control over every movement and action of the robot.

Flexibility

There are no limitations to what can be programmed, as long as the hardware allows it.

Disadvantages direct programming

Complexity

Direct programming requires in-depth knowledge of the programming language and the operation of the robot.

Time-consuming

Writing the code for complex tasks can be very time-consuming.

2. Teach pendant

A teach pendant is a handheld device that allows the programmer to control the robot and record movements. This is a commonly used method for programming industrial robots.

This method is suitable for programming grinding operations that require a low level of precision. Any adjustments require the entire path to be retaught.

Advantages teach pendant

Easy-to-operate

It is relatively easy to learn and use, making it ideal for operators without extensive programming knowledge.

Fast Implementation

Movements can be captured quickly and easily, resulting in faster implementation.

Disadvantages teach pendant

Limited Complexity

For very complex tasks, the teach pendant can be limiting compared with direct programming.

Accuracy

Manual input can be less accurate than programmed movements.

Offline programming

Offline programming (OLP) uses software to programm robot movements without the robot needing to be physically present. This is typically done in a virtual environment where the movements can be simulated and tested.

Advantages offline programming

Productivity

Programming new tasks can be done without interrupting production.

Safety

Programmers can test complex tasks without any risk of damage to the robot or workpieces.

Accuracy

Movements can be simulated and optimised with very high accuracy.

Disadvantages offline programming

Costs

Software for offline programming can be expensive.

Learning curve

It can take time to become familiar with the software and its capabilities.

Commonly used offline robot programming software

Universal Robots' Polyscope

Polyscope is the programming environment used by Universal Robots for their cobots. It is designed to be user-friendly and uses a graphical interface to simplify programming tasks.

Advantages Universal Robots' Polyscope

Easy to use

Designed for users with no programming experience.

Speed

Programmes can be created and adjusted quickly.

Disadvantages Universal Robots' Polyscope

Limited Functionality

For more complex paths, Polyscope can be more limited than other programming languages or environments.

Universal RoboDK

RoboDK is a popular software package for offline robot programming and simulation. It supports a wide range of robots from different manufacturers and allows programmes to be developed and optimised without using the physical robot.

Advantages RoboDK

User-friendly

An intuitive interface that is easy to learn.

Flexible

Support for multiple robots and applications.

Cost-effective

Saves time and costs through simulations and offline programming.

Disadvantages RoboDK

Costs

Although it can be cheaper than some other packages, it may still represent a considerable investment for smaller companies.

SprutCAM

A full CAM package goes even a step further than RoboDK. SprutCAM is a comprehensive CAM system capable of generating highly complex paths and controlling all components of the robotic cell. It provides a user-friendly and accessible way to programm robots.

Advantages SprutCAM

User-friendly

Designed for a wide range of users, from beginners to experts.

Complexity

Can efficiently generate and manage complex paths and movements.

Full integration

Manages all components of the robotic cell, ensuring seamless operation.

Disadvantages SprutCAM

Costs

Like many advanced software packages, SprutCAM may require a considerable investment.

Learning curve

Although user-friendly, it may take some time to fully master all of its features.

Conclusion

There are several programming options available for programming cobots and robots, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Online programming, such as direct programming and teach pendants, offers fast and simple implementation but can be limited in terms of complexity and accuracy.

Offline programming, using software packages such as RoboDK, SprutCAM and Polyscope, offers extensive possibilities for precise and complex programming, but often comes with higher costs and a steeper learning curve. Choosing the right programming method depends on the chosen platform and the user’s specific needs and resources.

View other Cibo Robotics articles:

Should I choose a cobot or an industrial robot?

Not every motor is designed for grinding!

Abrasive materials: essential for a successful project

The advantages of adding a turntable to a cobot/robot setup

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